|
 
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| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 12
| Issue : 1 | Page : 53-55 |
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XP endo® file: An update review
Harakh Chand Baranwal, Nidhi Singh, Amrita Kumari
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| Date of Web Publication | 27-Jan-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Nidhi Singh
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/IJDS.IJDS_74_19
Clinical research has still focus on three-dimensional (3D) cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the oval root canal by improving irrigation, creating new alloys for instruments, and creating new sealers. This article only deals the MaxWire® technology instruments XP Endo® Shaper, Finisher, and XP Endo® Retreatment file and analyzes how they are effective in 3D cleaning and shaping, in biofilm removal, triple antibiotic paste removal, and also for debris and smear layer removal.
Keywords: MaxWire, oval canal, XP Endo® file
How to cite this article:
Baranwal HC, Singh N, Kumari A. XP endo® file: An update review. Indian J Dent Sci 2020;12:53-5 |
| Introduction | |  |
The primary purpose of any endodontic treatment is to shape the root canal with its original anatomy and to eliminate microorganisms such as in the case of infected root canals and remaining debris and smear layer which harbor microorganisms and their by-products.[1] Bacteria remaining in the root dentine or in the periradicular tissues should be eliminated in order to improve the prognosis, and this should be achieved without damaging the tissues. Despite different instrumental methods, it has been shown that only 30%–40% area of root canal surfaces are clean and the remaining area are untouched.[2],[3] It mostly happens due to smear layer which obstructs the penetration of intracanal disinfectants[4] and sealers into the dentinal tubules, which may lead to failure of sealing the canals.[5],[6] This smear layer forms on the dentinal walls[7],[8] during the shaping of root canals. Several irrigation solutions have been introduced to decrease the residual debris, necrotic tissues, bacteria, and the smear layer, which are formed by mechanical instrumentation in the root canal system[4],[9] such as sodium hypochlorite, deproteinizing agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, calcium-chelating agents, conventional syringe irrigation method, and endoactivator system. All these methods are found insufficient for complete cleaning of the complex anatomy of the root canal system such as isthmus, fins, and lateral and accessory canals.[10]
Hence, this article discusses the newer generation file (XP Endo®) from FKG, Dentaire SA, La ChauxdeFonds, Switzerland, which is expanding in nature, due to MaxWire technology. XP Endo Shaper® (XPES) and Finisher files are more effective in debris and smear layer removal.[11] They facilitate irrigation, and are effective in biofilm removal from the main canal as well as from the deep, narrow apical groove.[12] In all rotary instruments, the most worrying issue is the risk of fracture to which they are subjected. XP Endo Shaper® (XPES) and XP-Endo-Finisher ™ (XPEF) files is continuous rotation file. Both of them are able to perform at variations in temperature and to take on a predetermined shape inside the root canal, at body temperature and it also have high flexibility.[13],[14]
| Discussion | | |
A new expandable, newer generation XPES and Finisher (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) has been recently introduced. New nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) forms have been developed by heating the alloy during the process of manufacturing, which results in combination of heat treatment and hardening, and this increases the flexibility of Ni-Ti instruments.[15] It is manufactured for shaping the three-dimensional (3D) instrumentation irregularities of root canals.[16] XPES uses a rotary Ni-Ti snake-shaped instrument. This file has an initial taper of 0.01 in its M phase when it is cool. Upon exposure to body temperature (35°C), the taper changes to 0.04 according to the molecular memory of Austenitic phase. XP achieves a final minimum canal preparation of 30/0.04 when used alone.
According to the manufacturer, XP applies minimal stress to dentin walls, thereby minimizing the risk of microcracks in the dentin. XP can adapt easily to canal irregularities and has excellent resistance to cyclic fatigue.[16]
In 2015, FKG manufactured an equally singular file, the XP Endo Finisher® (XPEF), which was developed with the purpose of refining the canal in order to increase the effect of irrigants and improve smear layer removal from the walls. The instrument is made up of an alloy patented by FKG called MaxWire (Martensite-Austenite Electropolish -FleX, FKG Dentaire). According to the manufacturer, the file is straight in M phase when cooled, and it changes into A phase when exposed to body temperature where it will have its unique spoon shape with a length of 10 mm from the tip and a depth of 1.5 mm because of its molecular memory.[14],[17]
XP Endo Finisher
XPEF file was introduced by FKG in 2015. It is suggested to be used at 800 rpm and 1.0 Newton Torque with irrigating solution after root canal preparation to size #25 or longer. The instrument's diameter is ISO #0.25 and its taper is equal to 0.
Bao et al. in 2017[12] concluded that XPEF file helps remove biofilm from the main canal as well as from the deep, narrow apical groove. Keskin et al. evaluated the efficacy of XPEF file in removing calcium hydroxide from simulated internal resorption cavity in 2017.[18] Many studies compared the XPEF file-cleansing capabilities to Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation. Vibringe syringe (Vibringe B. V. Corp, Amsterdam, Netherlands), and Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS), both in the removal of calcium hydroxide and antibiotic dressing pastes[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24] and also in the removal of biofilm from the canals.[11],[12],[25],[26],[27] It has proven to be most effective almost in all situations. In 2016, Elnaghy et al. conducted a comparative study on the effectiveness of XPEF file. They found that XPEF file is similarly effective in the removal of smear layer and debris when compared to Endo Activator in curved root canal.[11] Azim et al.[26] and Alves et al.[25] in 2016 performed a comparative analysis between XPEF file and the latest generation Ni-Ti instruments on the ability to disrupt biofilm and confirmed that the latter still left a portion of unremoved bacteria in statistically significant values. XP Endo Finisher file (XPEF) can be used along with root canal preparation with standard Ni-Ti files after XPES. Final cleansing maneuvers are done with the XPEF file.[28]
XP Endo Shaper
XPES file was introduced by FKG in 2016 for 3D canal shaping. This instrument is also manufactured in MaxWire alloy; it has a 4% taper and an ISO #30 apex. The anatomy of the instrument is unusual, classic conical instrument that impresses its shape in canal, but it has a waves throughout its body which, during expansive rotation instrument impact the canal surface in its best way (Adaptive Core Technology).
The tip of XPES also has a booster tip. It has six cutting blades for optimum file guidance in the canal; the minimum diameter of the tip is #0.15 with the maximum diameter of #0.30. If used at body temperature, the instrument returns to shape outlined for austenite which it is subjected (800 rpm) and its excellent flexibility makes it possible to cover taper up to 8% and canal diameter up to #0.90. The taper is 1%. This file has M phase below 35°C and change to austenitic at above 35°C along with taper of 0.02–0.08 and tip size is #30–#90. It works with a minimum torque of 1 Nw and hence, the risk of creating a dentin crack is minimized.
Because of the own nature of the file, XPES is rather delicate in torsional tests, when compared to FlexMaster® (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), ProFile Vortex Blue Dentsply Tulsa Dental Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), and True Shape (Dentsply-Tulsa);[29] it does not work to engage the wall of the canal. Hence, it does not need a torsional resistance.
XP Endo Finisher-R
XPEF-R® File was introduced in 2017, FKG completes the range of these instruments with one dedicated to retreatment: the XP-Endo Finisher-RTM (XPEF-R).. The XPEF-R has stronger core than XPEF and a diameter of ISO #0.30. The quality of cleaning and removing gutta-percha is superior.[30] In 2019, Taxiarchis G. Kontogiannis et al. concluded that XPEF-R file significantly improves the removal of AH Plus sealer.
| Conclusions | | |
Clinical experience and research shows that yet there is no perfect method to accomplish an endodontic treatment and also there is no universal instrument to make it possible to clean the whole canal. However, recent technology using XP-Endo system has certainly allowed us to move forward in order to reduce the risks of failure in endodontic treatment and increase the healing percentage. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this new file system.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
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| 19. | Gokturk H, Ozkocak I, Buyukgebiz F, Demir O. An in vitro evaluation of various irrigation techniques for the removal of double antibiotic paste from root canal surfaces. J Appl Oral Sci 2016;24:568-74. |
| 20. | Gokturk H, Ozkocak I, Buyukgebiz F, Demir O. Effectiveness of various irrigation protocols for the removal of calcium hydroxide from artificial standardized grooves. J Appl Oral Sci 2017;25:290-8. |
| 21. | Kfir A, Blau-Venezia N, Goldberger T, Abramovitz I, Wigler R. Efficacy of self-adjusting file, XP-Endo finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation on the removal of calcium hydroxide paste from an artificial standardized groove. Aust Endod J 2018;44:26-31. |
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